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Loxapine (sold as Loxapac®, Loxitane®) is a
typical antipsychotic medication, used primarily in
the treatment of schizophrenia. It is a member of the
dibenzoxazepine class and as a dibenzazepine derivative,
it is structurally related to clozapine (which belongs
to the chemically closely akin class of dibenzodiazepines).
Several researchers have argued that Loxapine may behave
as an atypical antipsychotic (PMID 10340686).
Loxapine may be metabolized by N-demethylation to amoxapine,
a tetracyclic antidepressant (PMID 1860915).
Side effects
Further information: Typical antipsychotic
The most significant side-effects of loxapine are excessive
salivation and indifference to surroundings. Loxapine,
if administered to normal persons causes emotional quietening
and insensitivity. In persons with psychosis, it may
control aggressive behaviour and restlessness, and reduce
the severity of hallucinations and delusions. Other
Side effects include tardive dyskinesia, neuroleptic
malignant syndrome, extrapyramidal side effects, tremor,
gynecomastia and sedation.
Dosage
The typical starting dosage is 10mg twice daily; usual
dose range 30-50mg twice daily; maximum recommended
dosage is 250mg per day.
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